A: It is likely that the ancient Hebrews averaged somewhere in the middle of the pigment range. There are few Biblical references to skin color. One of the few I can think of where is where the Beloved in the Song of Solomon explains that she is dark because of the sun (implying she was not naturally extremely dark). From what we know of people of that region in general, we can surmise that they were not as fair skinned as modern Europeans.

Modern Jews run the full range of shades, from very pale to extremely dark. Skin color has never been an issue in Judaism. Every human being is called in Hebrew a "ben Adam" -- a son of Adam, and was created "b'Tselem Elohim" -- in the image of God.